Ergonomics is defined by the International Ergonomics Association as “the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system,” as well as being the industry that applies such understandings to improving those interactions. Today, ergonomists usually have many years of formal training: a BA or BS in Psychology, Engineering, Industrial Design, Health Sciences or a related field, and a MA, MS, or PhD in their discipline as well. Ergonomics Master of Science degrees are now offered by many universities. Professionals can choose which element of ergonomics they want to focus on, as well, including physical (based around human anatomy), cognitive (based on mental processes), and organizational (how groups of people work together).When ergonomics was first being developed, it was far from being so organized. Great minds from many different fields helped contribute in its early stages. The ancient Greek Hippocrates gave a description of how a surgeon should design his working area. Ergonomics comes from two Greek words: ergon, “work” and nomos, “natural laws.” However, the term did not originate with Hippocrates, or with any Greekit was first used in 1857 by the Polish biologist Wojciech Jastrz?bowski in his article “The Outline of Ergonomics, i.e. Science of Work, Based on the Truths Taken from the Natural Science.”Mechanical engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor pioneered “Scientific Management,” also in the 19^th century. This theory analyzed workflows and aimed to use science to improve economic efficiency, mainly on the part of the workers. This would be done by analyzing their differing talents and motivations. Frank and Lillian Griffith developed motion study, based on Taylor’s work, in the early 1900s. Such studies are used to reduce the number of motions involved in a task, such as the Gilbreths did with bricklaying, lowering the total movements from about 18 to 5.During World War II, lieutenant Alphonse Chapanis showed that the error involved with utilizing new military technology could be reduced with more “ergonomic” controls. The most modern application of ergonomics has been to how humans and computers interact, logically called human-computer interaction (HCI). As new technology continues to drive our lifestyles, new ergonomics fields will continue to emerge.